Seznam Jupitrovih lun
Poznamo 79 Jupitrovih lun. Jupiter ima drugo največje število lun z dokaj stabilnimi orbitami med vsemi planeti v Osončju.
Najmasivnejše med njimi so štiri Galilejeve lune, ki sta jih leta 1610 neodvisno odkrila Galileo Galilei in Simon Marius. Bile so prva odkrita telesa, ki krožijo okoli telesa, ki ni ne Zemlja ne Sonce. Galilejeve lune so daleč največja in najbolj masivna telesa, ki krožijo okoli Jupitra. Ostalih 75 znanih lun in obročev skupaj predstavlja le 0,003 % celotne mase orbite. To so Io, Evropa, Ganimed in Kalisto. So približno enako velike kot Zemljine lune, nekatere so nekoliko večje, druge manjše.
Od konca 19. stoletja je bilo odkritih več deset veliko manjših jovijskih lun. Vse imajo premer manj kot 250 kilometrov, večina pa komaj presega 5 kilometrov. Njihove orbite se gibljejo od skoraj popolnoma krožnih do zelo ekscentričnih in nagnjenih. Mnoge se vrtijo v smeri, nasprotni Jupitrovemu vrtenju (retrogradno gibanje). Obhodna obdobja se gibljejo od sedmih ur (potrebujejo manj časa, kot ga Jupiter porabi za vrtenje okoli svoje osi) do približno tri tisočkrat več (skoraj tri zemeljska leta).
Ta seznam se začne s tistimi, ki najhitreje obkrožijo Jupiter (orbita). To pomeni, da imajo najkrajšo obhodno dobo. Lune, označene z vijolično barvo, so "galilejske lune", lune, označene s temno sivo, imajo retrogradno orbito, lune z običajno belo podlago pa imajo progradno orbito.
Oznaka | Ime | Izgovorjava | Slika | Premer | Masa | Polvečja os ( | Orbitalna perioda | Naklon | Ekscentričnost | Leto odkritja | Discoverer | Skupina | |
1 | XVI | ˈmiːtɨs |
| 60×40×34 | ~3.6 | 127,690 | +7h 4m 30s | 0.06° | 0.0002 | 1979 | Synnott | ||
2 | XV | ˌædrəˈstiːə |
| 20×16×13 | ~0.2 | 129,000 | +7h 9m 30s | 0.03° | 0.0015 | 1979 | Jewitt | ||
3 | V | ˌæməlˈθiːə |
| 250×146×128 | 208 | 181,366 | +11h 57m 23s | 0.374° | 0.0032 | 1892 | Barnard | ||
4 | XIV | ˈθiːbiː |
| 116×98×84 | ~43 | 221,889 | +16h 11m 17s | 1.076° | 0.0175 | 1979 | Synnott | ||
5 | I | ˈaɪ.oʊ |
| 3,660.0×3,637. | 8,900,000 | 421,700 | +1.769 137 786 | 0.050° | 0.0041 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilejeva | |
6 | II | jʊˈroʊpə |
| 3,121.6 | 4,800,000 | 671,034 | +3.551 181 041 | 0.471° | 0.0094 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilejeva | |
7 | III | ˈɡænɨmiːd |
| 5,262.4 | 15,000,000 | 1,070,412 | +7.154 552 96 | 0.204° | 0.0011 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilejeva | |
8 | IV | kəˈlɪstoʊ |
| 4,820.6 | 11,000,000 | 1,882,709 | +16.689 018 4 | 0.205° | 0.0074 | 1610 | Galilei | Galilejeva | |
9 | XVIII | Themisto | θɨˈmɪstoʊ | 8 | 0.069 | 7,393,216 | +129.87 | 45.762° | 0.2115 | 1975/2000 | Kowal & Roemer/ | Themisto | |
10 | XIII | Leda | ˈliːdə | 16 | 0.6 | 11,187,781 | +241.75 | 27.562° | 0.1673 | 1974 | Kowal | ||
11 | VI | haɪˈmeɪliə |
| 170 | 670 | 11,451,971 | +250.37 | 30.486° | 0.1513 | 1904 | Perrine | ||
12 | X | Lysithea | laɪˈsɪθiːə | 36 | 6.3 | 11,740,560 | +259.89 | 27.006° | 0.1322 | 1938 | Nicholson | ||
13 | VII | ˈɛlərə | 86 | 87 | 11,778,034 | +261.14 | 29.691° | 0.1948 | 1905 | Perrine | |||
14 | - — | Dia | 4 | 0.009 0 | 12 570 424 | +287.93 | 27.584° | 0.2058 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | |||
15 | XLVI | Carpo | ˈkɑrpoʊ | 3 | 0.004 5 | 17,144,873 | +458.62 | 56.001° | 0.2735 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | Carpo | |
16 | - — | S/2003 J 12 | 1 | 0.000 15 | 17,739,539 | −482.69 | 142.680° | 0.4449 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
17 | XXXIV | Euporie | juːˈpoʊrɨ.iː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 19,088,434 | −538.78 | 144.694° | 0.0960 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
18 | - — | S/2003 J 3 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 19,621,780 | −561.52 | 146.363° | 0.2507 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
19 | - — | S/2003 J 18 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 19,812,577 | −569.73 | 147.401° | 0.1569 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | |||
20 | XLII | Thelxinoe | θɛlkˈsɪnɵʊiː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 20,453,753 | −597.61 | 151.292° | 0.2684 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ||
21 | XXXIII | Euanthe | juːˈænθiː | 3 | 0.004 5 | 20,464,854 | −598.09 | 143.409° | 0.2000 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
22 | XLV | Helike | ˈhɛlɨkiː | 4 | 0.009 0 | 20,540,266 | −601.40 | 154.586° | 0.1374 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ||
23 | XXXV | ɔrˈθɒsɨ.iː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 20,567,971 | −602.62 | 142.366° | 0.2433 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | |||
24 | XXIV | ˌaɪ.ɵˈkæstiː | 5 | 0.019 | 20,722,566 | −609.43 | 147.248° | 0.2874 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | |||
25 | - — | S/2003 J 16 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 20,743,779 | −610.36 | 150.769° | 0.3184 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | |||
26 | XXVII | Praxidike | prækˈsɪdɨkiː | 7 | 0.043 | 20,823,948 | −613.90 | 144.205° | 0.1840 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | ||
27 | XXII | Harpalyke | hɑrˈpælɨkiː | 4 | 0.012 | 21,063,814 | −624.54 | 147.223° | 0.2440 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | ||
28 | XL | Mneme | ˈniːmiː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 21,129,786 | −627.48 | 149.732° | 0.3169 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | ||
29 | XXX | hɚˈmɪpiː | 4 | 0.009 0 | 21,182,086 | −629.81 | 151.242° | 0.2290 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | |||
30 | XXIX | Thyone | θaɪˈoʊniː | 4 | 0.009 0 | 21,405,570 | −639.80 | 147.276° | 0.2525 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
31 | XII | əˈnæŋkiː | 28 | 3.0 | 21,454,952 | −642.02 | 151.564° | 0.3445 | 1951 | Nicholson | |||
32 | L | Herse | 2 | 0.001 5 | 22,134,306 | −672.75 | 162.490° | 0.2379 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | |||
33 | XXXI | Aitne | ˈaɪtniː | 3 | 0.004 5 | 22,285,161 | −679.64 | 165.562° | 0.3927 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
34 | XXXVII | ˈkeɪliː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 22,409,207 | −685.32 | 165.378° | 0.2011 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | |||
35 | XX | Taygete | teiˈɪdʒɨtiː | 5 | 0.016 | 22,438,648 | −686.67 | 164.890° | 0.3678 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | ||
36 | - — | S/2003 J 19 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 22,709,061 | −699.12 | 164.727° | 0.1961 | 2003 | Gladman et al. | |||
37 | XXI | Chaldene | kælˈdiːniː | 4 | 0.007 5 | 22,713,444 | −699.33 | 167.070° | 0.2916 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | ||
38 | - — | S/2003 J 15 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 22,720,999 | −699.68 | 141.812° | 0.0932 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
39 | - — | S/2003 J 10 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 22,730,813 | −700.13 | 163.813° | 0.3438 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
40 | - — | S/2003 J 23 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 22,739,654 | −700.54 | 148.849° | 0.3930 | 2004 | Sheppard et al. | |||
41 | XXV | ɨˈrɪnɵmiː | 3 | 0.004 5 | 22,986,266 | −711.96 | 163.737° | 0.2552 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | |||
42 | XLI | Aoede | eɪˈiːdiː | 4 | 0.009 0 | 23,044,175 | −714.66 | 160.482° | 0.6011 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ||
43 | XLIV | Kallichore | kəˈlɪkɵriː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 23,111,823 | −717.81 | 164.605° | 0.2041 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ||
44 | XXIII | ˈkælɨkiː | 5 | 0.019 | 23,180,773 | −721.02 | 165.505° | 0.2139 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | |||
45 | XI | Carme | ˈkɑrmiː | 46 | 13 | 23,197,992 | −721.82 | 165.047° | 0.2342 | 1938 | Nicholson | ||
46 | XVII | Callirrhoe | kəˈlɪrɵʊiː | 9 | 0.087 | 23,214,986 | −722.62 | 139.849° | 0.2582 | 2000 | Gladman et al. | ||
47 | XXXII | jʊˈrɪdəmiː | 3 | 0.004 5 | 23,230,858 | −723.36 | 149.324° | 0.3769 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | |||
48 | XXXVIII | Pasithee | pəˈsɪθɨ.iː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 23,307,318 | −726.93 | 165.759° | 0.3288 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
49 | XLIX | ˈkoʊriː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 23,345,093 | −776.02 | 137.371° | 0.1951 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
50 | XLVIII | Cyllene | sɨˈliːniː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 23,396,269 | −731.10 | 140.148° | 0.4115 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ||
51 | XLVII | juːˈkɛlədiː | 4 | 0.009 0 | 23,483,694 | −735.20 | 163.996° | 0.2828 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
52 | - — | S/2003 J 4 | 2 | 0.001 5 | 23,570,790 | −739.29 | 147.175° | 0.3003 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
53 | VIII | Pasiphaë | pəˈsɪfeɪ.iː | 60 | 30 | 23,609,042 | −741.09 | 141.803° | 0.3743 | 1908 | Gladman et al. | ||
54 | XXXIX | Hegemone | hɨˈdʒɛməniː | 3 | 0.004 5 | 23,702,511 | −745.50 | 152.506° | 0.4077 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | ||
55 | XLIII | Arche | ˈɑrkiː | 3 | 0.004 5 | 23,717,051 | −746.19 | 164.587° | 0.1492 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
56 | XXVI | aɪˈsɒnɵʊiː | 4 | 0.007 5 | 23,800,647 | −750.13 | 165.127° | 0.1775 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | |||
57 | - — | S/2003 J 9 | 1 | 0.000 15 | 23,857,808 | −752.84 | 164.980° | 0.2761 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
58 | - — | S/2003 J 5 | 4 | 0.009 0 | 23,973,926 | −758.34 | 165.549° | 0.3070 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. | |||
59 | IX | sɨˈnoʊpiː | 38 | 7.5 | 24,057,865 | −762.33 | 153.778° | 0.2750 | 1914 | Nicholson | |||
60 | XXXVI | Sponde | ˈspɒndiː | 2 | 0.001 5 | 24,252,627 | −771.60 | 154.372° | 0.4431 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
61 | XXVIII | Autonoe | ɔːˈtɒnɵʊiː | 4 | 0.009 0 | 24,264,445 | −772.17 | 151.058° | 0.3690 | 2002 | Sheppard et al. | ||
62 | XIX | Megaklit | ˌmɛɡəˈklaɪtiː | 5 | 0.021 | 24,687,239 | −792.44 | 150.398° | 0.3077 | 2001 | Sheppard et al. | ||
63 | - — | S/2003 J 2 | Destiny | 2 | 0.001 5 | 30,290,846 | −1 077.02 | 153.521° | align="right"| 0,1882 | 2003 | Sheppard et al. |
Vprašanja in odgovori
V: Koliko lun ima Jupiter?
O: Jupiter ima 79 znanih lun.
V: Kdo je odkril štiri Jupitrove galilejske lune?
O: Štiri Jupitrove galilejske lune sta leta 1610 neodvisno odkrila Galileo Galilei in Simon Marius.
V: Kako se imenujejo štiri Galilejeve lune?
O: Štiri Galilejeve lune so Io, Evropa, Ganimed in Kalisto.
V: Kako velike so Galilejeve lune v primerjavi z Zemljinimi lunami?
O: Galilejeve lune so približno enako velike kot Zemljina luna, nekatere so nekoliko večje, druge manjše.
V: Kako velika je vsaka od preostalih 75 jovskih lun?
O: Vseh 75 Jovijevih lun ima premer manj kot 250 kilometrov (160 milj), večina pa komaj presega 5 kilometrov (3,1 milje).
V: Kakšna je njihova orbitalna oblika?
O: Njihove orbite imajo različne oblike, od skoraj popolnoma krožnih do zelo ekscentričnih in nagnjenih. Veliko jih kroži v smeri, nasprotni Jupitrovemu vrtenju (retrogradno gibanje).
V: Kakšna je njihova obhodna doba v primerjavi z Jupitrovo?
O: Obhodna obdobja se gibljejo od sedmih ur (za vrtenje okoli svoje osi potrebujejo manj časa kot Jupiter) do približno tri tisočkrat več (skoraj tri zemeljska leta).